Ochendo: An African Journal of Innovative Studies

This study evaluates shipborne blackwater discharge practices and compliance with MARPOL Annex IV regulations in Rivers State, Nigeria. Using survey data from 121 maritime professionals, including ship crew, port officials, and regulatory officers, the research reveals significant non-compliance and operational challenges. Findings show that 76.9% of vessels lack onboard sewage treatment plants, 43% discharge untreated blackwater directly into the sea, and 81% do not conduct regular maintenance of treatment systems. Moreover, 83.5% of respondents lack training on proper discharge procedures, and 73.5% are unaware of penalties for non-compliance. Port reception facilities are widely perceived as inadequate, inaccessible, and expensive, contributing to illegal discharges. Enforcement of MARPOL Annex IV is viewed as weak or absent by over 70% of participants. The study concludes that improving compliance requires stricter enforcement, enhanced training, public awareness, and investment in affordable port waste reception infrastructure to protect marine environments and promote sustainable maritime operations in the region.

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