Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development

There is an urgent need for accountability in managing the natural environment if we are to safeguard the health of our ecosystem and secure the well-being of future generations. Africa, once renowned as a cradle of rich biodiversity, is now increasingly threatened by environmental degradation. If such ecological decline can occur in a region historically celebrated for its biodiversity, the implications for the rest of the world are deeply concerning. While many scholars identify physical and economic factors as the primary drivers of environmental crises, this study argues that the absence of environmental ethics and justice constitutes the fundamental cause of ecological degradation. Consequently, if humanity is to thrive sustainably, serious attention must be given to these ethical and justice-oriented dimensions. To address this concern, the study adopts an analytical and conceptual approach. Central concepts such as “environmental ethics,” “justice,” and “climate change” are critically examined and clarified to establish their relevance to the discourse. Within this framework, Peter Singer approaches environmental concerns from a utilitarian perspective, emphasizing human welfare and the reduction of suffering. In contrast, Thomas Pogge argues that we must confront the structural and foundational causes of environmental crises, particularly how the actions of wealthy nations adversely affect poorer nations and hinder their development. Similarly, Arne Naess, through his theory of “deep ecology,” advocates for a responsible and respectful relationship with the natural environment while rejecting radical anthropocentrism. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on climate change by emphasizing the ethical and justice-related foundations of environmental degradation. It argues that continued ecological destruction poses a serious threat not only to human survival but also to other sentient beings, organisms, and plant life that depend on a balanced ecosystem.

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