Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development

This study critically examines the underlying bases of security challenges in Nigeria and proposes potential solutions. Insecurity, manifesting in forms such as Boko Haram insurgency, violence by Fulani herdsmen, armed banditry, and widespread kidnapping, continues to deepen fear among ordinary citizens. These threats are further intensified by hunger, unemployment, poor infrastructure, and other societal issues. At its core, the security crisis stems from crime—actions that violate both natural and divine principles. The findings indicate that political security, freedom from domination and arbitrary governance, economic and social stability, cultural autonomy, environmental protection, and resource access all play significant roles in shaping the dynamics of the Fulani herder-farmer conflict and its broader impact on national development. It is recommended that the federal government involve peace building and conflict resolution experts in addressing the herder-farmer crisis and promote ranching across the country, accompanied by training for herders to manage ranches effectively.

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