CROWTHER JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

This paper explores the deep-rooted historical antecedents that have shaped Nigeria’s contemporary security landscape. Tracing the origins of insecurity to colonial amalgamation, British administrative policies, and ethno-religious divisions, the study highlights how colonialism entrenched regional disparities, political fragmentation, and socio-economic imbalances. Post-independence, Nigeria's history of political instability, prolonged military rule, and economic mismanagement further compounded these issues. The paper examines how economic marginalization and underdevelopment—especially in the oil-rich but impoverished Niger Delta and the neglected North-East—have fueled militancy, insurgency, and religious extremism, exemplified by the rise of Boko Haram. Additionally, it addresses how colonial land policies and weak governance continue to drive farmer-herder conflicts, banditry, and secessionist movements. By linking historical events to current threats, the paper underscores the need for inclusive governance, equitable development, and historical reconciliation to achieve lasting security in Nigeria.

Open Full Text (PDF)